Discuss the Role of Neural and Hormonal Mechanisms in Aggression Essay

Bolster that serotonin prompts forceful conduct has been found, as human and creature research propose that serotonin levels impact hostility and rough conduct. There is by all accounts a negative relationship as low degrees of serotonin, increment forceful conduct. Despite the fact that we can't decide a causal connection as the reason for animosity can't be ascribed exclusively to serotonin. The connection among dopamine and animosity isn't as clear similarly as with serotonin. Despite the fact that there is by all accounts a connection between elevated levels of dopamine and animosity. Dopamine is created because of compensating improvements, for example, food, sex and recreational medications. Examination recommends that a few people attempt to discover forceful experiences in light of the remunerating sensations it brings, brought about by increments in dopamine. Specialists have additionally recommended that individuals can get dependent on hostility, similarly that they become dependent on food, betting, and so on. Ferrari et al. made a rodent battle for 10 back to back days. On the eleventh day it was not permitted to battle. Specialists found that fully expecting the battle the rat’s dopamine levels had raised and serotonin levels had diminished. This shows experience had changed the rat’s mind science, designing it up for a battle. This backings that the two synapses are associated with forceful conduct and recommends a potential subjective component in hostility I. e. the expectation the rodents experienced appeared to raised area the degrees of synapses in the mind. It is difficult to extrapolate these outcomes from creatures to people as it is hazy whether the impact is the equivalent for both. Hormonal systems, for example, testosterone and cortisol, are synthetic substances which manage and control body capacities. It is said that hormone levels influence a person’s conduct. A case of a hormone which influences body capacities is testosterone. This hormone is found in the two people, yet in bigger amounts in men. Testosterone makes animosity almost certain, however there is certifiably not a causal connection. Nelson found a positive relationship between's degrees of testosterone and forceful conduct in male and female detainees. Anyway these levels were not estimated during the forceful demonstration so we can't be certain whether hormonal levels are a causal factor. Observational investigations of youngsters have indicated that they will in general become increasingly forceful once they enter adolescence and their testosterone levels rise. Pillay found that male and female competitors associated with forceful games have more significant levels of testosterone than those engaged with non-forceful games. Regardless of these discoveries we can scrutinize this utilizing the basal and complementary model of testosterone. Did the male and females have significant levels of testosterone as were increasingly serious and predominant, accordingly getting a charge out of forceful games as expressed by the basal model of testosterone. Or on the other hand were the elevated levels of testosterone in those engaged with forceful games applied because of the forceful games, as expressed by the corresponding model of testosterone. Regardless of whether testosterone causes hostility has not been demonstrated, in spite of the fact that it affects forceful conduct. It likewise assumes a major job in empowering different practices I. e. strength, indiscretion and rivalry. These are for the most part versatile practices in human advancement and accordingly significant for our endurance as species. In spite of this, this is a deterministic perspective on human conduct. On the off chance that animosity is totally constrained by neural and hormonal levels, at that point it follows that people don’t apply any through and through freedom over their activities and that their conduct is totally dictated by their organic chemistry. There are numerous people who have high testosterone levels, who may decide not to act forcefully despite the fact that they might be incited. This exhibits how an individual can apply their through and through freedom and decide to abrogate natural motivations. By just understanding forceful conduct from an organic methodology, these clarifications can be scrutinized for being reductionist. Simpson contends that testosterone is only one factor connected to animosity and that the impacts of natural boosts, for example, heat and congestion have on occasion been found to associate unequivocally. In like manner social mental speculations of hostility, e. g. social learning hypothesis and deindividualisation have additionally gotten a great deal of examination support, for instance the investigations led by Bandura and Zimbardo.

An Overview of American Symbolism essays

An Overview of American Symbolism articles An image is something that represents or proposes something different on account of relationship, affiliation, show, or inadvertent likeness. (Merriam Websters Collegiate Dictionary 1194). These meaningful magnum opuses have been both made and pulverized by war. These wars have brought about making these various images of opportunity. As America has advanced after some time, the American banner, Star-Spangled Banner, Statue of Liberty, Bill of Rights, Constitution, and Liberty Bell has become the center of American images. The American banner was first planned by Francis Hopkinson and sewn by Betsy Ross, a sewer of Philadelphia. The banner comprised of thirteen stripes and stars speaking to the thirteen states. The thirteen stars of the American banner were organized around to connote the solidarity and balance of the provinces. The red on the American banner is in portrayal of courage, the blue is equity, and the white is freedom causing this to mean what our nation will consistently depend on (Ryan 29-30). The banner embodies the rights, freedom, and vote based system of the United States (The Pledge of Allegiance 11). The banner was first flown over schools in Colrain, Massachusetts, as ahead of schedule as 1812. Today, the banner was then the motivation to the formation of the Star-Spangled Banner. The banner is flown in national and state parks, open structures, games, and ports of passage (The Pledge of Allegiance 7-9). At the point when the banner is stream topsy turvy, the indication of pain is known. Wayfarers place a banner where they land to show that somebody from their nation has been there. For instance, on each Apollo strategic the moon the banner was put at the arrival site speaking to America. The banner is put at half-staff when the need to respect someones demise is emerges (Ryan 2-5). Banners are on pins, shirts, marches, and homes for the imagery of the enthusiasm of the United States (The Pledge of Allegiance 12).... <!

Taiwan 2 Essay Research Paper Taiwan is free essay sample

Taiwan 2 Essay, Research Paper Taiwan is an island situated around 100 detail mis from China. It was initially part of China. Be that as it may, in 1949, the Communists held onto Mainland China constraining the loyalists to pull back to Taiwan. From so on, Taiwan is other than known as Free China. The pioneers of Republic of China, ( Free China ) trusted some time or another that the Communists will be driven out of China. Hence, they begin to develop Taiwan as an army installation for such goal. In any case, their fantasies were neer achieved, then again, their endeavors transformed Taiwan into a financial ground-breaking state. This is other than known as the Taiwan Miracle. There is another intriguing data about Taiwan # 8217 ; s name. In spite of Free China, Taiwan other than has two different names, # 8220 ; Taiwan # 8221 ; ( the one we call it ) and # 8220 ; Formosa # 8221 ; . We will compose a custom paper test on Taiwan 2 Essay Research Paper Taiwan is or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Let # 8217 ; s talk about # 8220 ; Taiwan # 8221 ; premier. # 8220 ; Taiwan # 8221 ; implies # 8220 ; terraced cove # 8221 ; to the mountain ancestral individuals who initially lives in Taiwan. At the point when the migrants from China relocated to this island 3 100s mature ages prior, they continued hearing the innate individuals naming ( the topographic point where the Chinese landed ) # 8220 ; Taiwan # 8221 ; . In this manner, they accepted that the island is # 8220 ; Taiwan # 8221 ; . Formosa, on the different manus, was called by the Lusitanian crewmans during the 1600s. It implies # 8220 ; delightful island # 8221 ; . In this manner, there are still individuals referencing Taiwan as Formosa when they attempt to fancify Taiwan today. Taiwan is a sub-tropical express that that is warm the vast majority of the twelvemonth. The Tropic of Cancer goes through Taiwan in the southern segment. Subsequently, snow is irregular to most the Taiwanese here. In any case, there are some topographic face up in the high mountains that do procure cold satisfactory to day off. Since the land is hot and muggy, it is the best for turning rice and other homestead stocks. The husbandmans in north can turn two harvests of rice a twelvemonth in the North and three gathers a twelvemonth in the South. There are to a great extent mountains in the north bit of Taiwan while command post cultivating region in the South. The specialists of the Republic of China has a few similitudes to the specialists of the United States. The specialists depends on a Fundamental law and there is a President and Vice President. ROC has a National Assembly on the other hand of a Congress and there are five regions of the specialists, authoritative, official, legal, investigation, and control. There are three significant ideological groups and some other lesser known 1s. The best party that control numerous assets of the state is the KMT, ( Kuomintang ) , other than known as the Nationalists. The second best gathering is DPP, ( Democratic Progressive Party ) . What's more, New Party. Indeed, from here I need to state you that I am a devotee of New Party and I will interprete the three gatherings in MY WAY. Okay, permit me give you expand depictions of the three gatherings. KMT is the most established gathering in Chinese history. In any case, in the course of the last 80 mature ages, the entire party has abandon vigoro us and big-hearted to decandent. Be that as it may, such corruptness was non the select activity of KMT. The most serious issue this gathering is standing up to is the invasion of the independency thought. Due to President Lee, who is a whole hypocratical Nipponese maverick, he attempts to take KMT into a totalitarian that in mystery look for the independency of Taiwan. Thusly please note President Lee # 8217 ; s decieteful activities and non to be tricked by the media that help him. Next to KMT, the second the majority of import ideological group is the DPP. DPP is a gathering that is known for looking for of the independency of Taiwan. They feel that simply with the whole partition with China would benefit Taiwan. They are the perfect radical collectivists. In any case, since they are exorbitantly hopeful, these radicals much of the time utilize most extreme and vicious approaches to bring through they closes or to show their sentiments. As a result, they are other than known for their enemy of government and forceful practices. The last party which is other than the gathering that I for one help, is the New Party. New Party is a sensibly # 8220 ; new # 8221 ; party. it was shaped, I accept, only 5 mature ages back by just 7 individuals from the KMT lawmakers. The ground that they structure such gathering is on the grounds that their goals to change the Taiwan specialists. 5 mature ages back, ROC specialists was controled by powerless and corrputive KMT functionaries ( so is presently ) that the skeptic DPP individuals upset the residential rest. They thought there is an interest to remake the correct cultural request and tragically deceased Chinese human progress. In contrast to the KMT and DPP, New Party do non accept that # 8220 ; Money # 8221 ; needs to go with # 8220 ; Power # 8221 ; and anything needs to venture to every part of the # 8220 ; troublesome way # 8221 ; , so they are quiet warriors against the corruptness and the power in the public arena. At that cut, all the political pundits accepted that this gathering will non last under the mastery of KMT and DPP. Nonetheless, more than 5 mature ages their help has raised from 5 for each centums to now 20 for each centum is still steadyly turning. As individuals like me ( great taught in the middle of class ) bolster this gathering, I trust Taiwan will be a superior state. Taiwan is a jam-packed island. Imagin 21 million individuals populating on an island that # 8217 ; s just 36,000 square kilometer, including all the mountains and unliveable nations. On the off chance that you do some genuine calculations, you would occur out that in a few enormous metropoliss like Taipei, the thickness of populace standards more than 1500 people for each square kilometer! Along these lines, on the off chance that you travel on Taiwan, you will typically observe individuals. In some cases, regardless of whether you climb a mountain or climbing far into the timberlands, you will in any case happen a little ranch humble community covered up in the wilderness, or students on a field day, or warriors on moves. There are three significant gatherings that live on the island of Taiwan. The primary gathering is the Chinese that moved to Taiwan 400 mature ages back to stay away from the disorder and war in China. These individuals have their ain phrase ( Chinese ) and imposts. In any case, in spite of the fact that they view themselves as Chinese, they are as yet Chinese. The second biggest gathering life in Taiwan is the Mainlanders that came more than 40 mature ages prior when the Patriots battled the Communists. Since these individuals are as often as possible great instructed and here and there princely ( notwithstanding the warriors that went along ) , they endeavors assisted with deciding the current state. The last gathering is the locals who have been populating in Taiwan for more than thunsands of mature ages. These individuals resemble the Indians in American who face extensive employments. These three gatherings were populating in congruity barely any decennaries back. Nonetheless, t he DPP has been looking to pressure that the Mainlanders are non truely Chinese yet Chinese Pigs. They trust Chinese are NOT Chinese ( this most baffles me! ) . They proclaim that one time Taiwan is autonomous they will kick all the Chinese Pigs out. The activity is that there are individuals like me who is half Chinese and half Chinese Pig # 8230 ; Taiwanese are cordial and pleasant individuals. A great many people who do non cognize about Chinese may accept that they are only similar to those hapless third universe state individuals who have low guidance rate, and misuse the common habitat. Indeed, I am here to turn out that Chinese are truly sort and circumspect. On the off chance that you ever come to Taiwan, you will happen that Chinese furnishes the outsiders with abundance help and consideration. In the event that you go to a nourishment advertise shop without cognizing even a Chinese word, you will happen that the Chinese in the shop, even different customers will all be your help to happen the things you need to buy. Some of the time you will even gain a value decrease. That # 8217 ; s why there are more westerners coming to Taiwan for occupations now, or for occasion. In addition, there are far less mental unwellness, liquor fixation, cultural bothers, and vicious offenses in Taiwan correlation with somewhere else. Religions in Taiwan Generally Chinese on Taiwan are Buddhists. Buddhist sanctuaries, places of worship, and sculptures are discovered all over Taiwan ; in Changhua, there is a 72-foot high sculpture of Buddha, and in Taichung there is a considerably taller sculpture of Milwofwo, the Happy Buddha. The most seasoned and most popular BUddhist sanctuary in Taipei is Lungshan Temple, which is around 250 mature ages old. # 8220 ; Lung-Shan # 8221 ; implies Dragon Hill ; the sanctuary is ever occupied with adherents and toursists. Chinese ordinarily do non travel to a gathering administration, however rather travel to the sanctuary independently when they want to make so. In Chinese sanctuaries, you will see sculptures and dolls of different Gods, goddesses and holy people, and you will be dazzled bye the rich rooftop carvings of energize creatures and human figures. You will see incense being scorched and paper cash and supplement contributions being made for the Gods. In add-on to Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism are other than of import regulations of Taiwan. Chinese are extremely lenient about confidence, and they see no difficulty in sing themselves to be Buddhist, Confucianist, Taoist, and even Christian, all at a similar clasp! Other Chinese Don # 8217 ; t concern themselves unreasonably much with any confidence. All things considered, it is of import for Chinese to pay respect to more seasoned individuals. Kids must regard guardians ; wedded womans must regard hubbies ; siblings and sisters must regard one another. This example is called obedient devotion, and is segment of the tenet of Confucius, in addition to a mix of Buddhism, Taoism, and 5,000 mature ages of Chinese thought. Weddings Weddings in Taiwan are continuously like those in western states. Chinese ladies presently wear a similar sort o

Buying The Pearl Essay Topics

Buying The Pearl Essay Topics The Start of the Pearl Essay Topics A Pearl Harbor essay should ideally have all the info in it about the way the army ready for the counterattack. As the story goes on, the pearl appears to acquire increasingly more evil. It's also essential to note that pearl was a rather beautiful child. It is crucial to remember that Pearl was an extremely clever child. In The Pearl, Steinbeck has proven that he's a master of the usage of symbols. The best method to produce a Pearl Harbor essay introduction is to begin with the definition of Pearl Harbor itself or the overall info of the occasion. It had been attacked by an unforeseen Japanese air raid. Write your Pearl Harbor essay and delight in the greatest grades! Your paper will certainly be the very best in the class! Even if it's an urgent job, you can be certain you will deliver your essay punctually and obtain highest possible grades! At the conclusion of these list, you are going to discover links to a range of argumentative paragraphs and essays. The last write-up ought to be concise with firm language. This way you'd be able to earn the most out of your abilities. If your son or daughter is aware of what clubs or activities he or she would like to pursue in middle school or higher school, topics within this category are a really good choice. The author starts with a rather compre hensive story of an event or description of an individual or place. It is among the most effective sciences on earth. The Basic Facts of the Pearl Essay Topics In conclusion there are lots of symbols within this novel. Symbols like the pearl can carry many meanings for different characters at various times in the novella. Imagine the caliber of writing you'll receive from an inexpensive essay writing service. The perfect way to be sure the success of your youngster's admissions essay is to demonstrate how to select the most suitable essay. Another good idea is to receive some completely free essay examples of different kinds and on various subjects to find a general idea of the way in which a prosperous debatable paper looks. At precisely the same time, it's a fantastic persuasive essay idea. Inspiration to make your own advertising or media argumentative essay topics isn't difficult to discover. Here are a really high number of GWAPE essay topics. Within this novel there are lots of themes explored. Throughout the entire novel lots of the characters represent other ideas. Who Else Wants to Learn About the Pearl Essay Topics? At times it's helpful to observe how others were able to get over the difficult first-line hump. Bear in mind the previous game you watched, analyze the fundamentals of playing. The usage of repetition within this paragraph of Roosevelt's speech proved to be quite clever and useful, as it gives a much increased emphasis for the point being made. When you're picking your topic, bear in mind that it's much simpler to write about something which you currently have interest ineven in case you don't know a good deal about it. The Secret to the Pearl Essay Topics Our top essay writing services in UK is prepared to supply you with excellent service s at an inexpensive price. It will produce the research unique. The more sources that you have, the more vivid of a picture you'll get at the conclusion of the research. The same is true for your research. Top Choices of the Pearl Essay Topics Eventually, pick the topic that you have interest in, because it will supply you with the intrinsic motivation to finish your project. That's why every social issue has to be thoroughly researched. Concentrate on the one which you chose. Writing a research essay means being a specialist in a little area. You should produce an open-ended research question. Exactly like every book should have main motif, your research really needs the principal question that you will answer at the end. Research papers are different from the majority of other kinds of papers since you are attempting to make an argument for yourself and trying to find something to say from your viewpoint.

Essay on analysis of She Walks in Beauty - 1043 Words

Analysis of Byron’s â€Å"She Walks in Beauty† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Lord George Gordon Byron was most notorious for his love affairs within his family and with Mediterranean boys. Since he had problems such as incest and homosexuality, he did not mind writing about his love for his cousin in â€Å"She Walks in Beauty†. Byron wrote the poem after he left his wife and England forever. Byron made his own trend of personality, the idea of the ‘Byronic Hero’. â€Å"Byron’s influence on European poetry, music, novels, operas, and paintings have been immense, although the poet was widely condemned on moral grounds by his contemporaries† (Dick, 54). Overall, the study focuses on the life of Lord George Gordon Byron, imagery, and about the lyrics of†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"This attitude of self-reliance is a distinguishing characteristic of both Lord Byron and his literary figures† (Parker, 88). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"She Walks in Beauty† starts off from a traditional picture of a lady as fair and bright. It links with the brightness of daylight, in its comparison of the mistress to the night. â€Å"The distinctive quality of the poem derives not from any departure from the norm but from a graceful elaboration of the conventions of compliment† (Seifter, 82). Avoiding unoriginal or obvious similies, Byron uses metaphors which expresses the idea of a quiet and slight glow. â€Å"The mistress like the night/ Of cloudless climes and starry skies† (ll 1-2), not pitch dark but glimmering with a diffused light† (Seifter, 82). She is like a portrait in â€Å"chiaroscuro†, her face is copied through an interaction of light and shadow. Bhakta 3 Her hazy beauty makes daylight seem bright. â€Å"Imagery drawn from painting continues as a poet discusses the shades, rays, and tints that compose the mistress’s particular radiance† (Seifter, 82). The flowing lines, rhymes, and imagery of light and dark give the impression of elegant and simple compliment. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The poem starts off brilliantly. â€Å"The first four lines are beautifully phrased, and the opening couplet in particular has ingrained itself in the collective consciousness† (Blair, 1). â€Å"She walks in beauty, like the night/ Of cloudless climes and starry skies;/ And allShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem She Walks On Beauty 990 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"She Walks in Beauty† Beauty is one way to describe how George Gordon expertly concocts â€Å"She Walks in Beauty.† He uses numerous literary devices to paint a verbal picture that is easy to read, hear, and think about while maintaining an eloquent rhythm. Even though each stanza is a sentence in itself, Gordon precisely breaks down the sentence structure using end-stoping and incorporating three literary devices to add a pleasant rhythm to â€Å"She Walks in Beauty.† Without any of these three devicesRead MoreAnalysis : She Walks In Beauty By Lord Byron1207 Words   |  5 Pageswriting. A writer can convey their thoughts about any subject in condensed forms. The interpretation is left for the reader to decide. Poems can have many different meanings other than what the author initially made it out to be. In the poem â€Å"She Walks in Beauty† written by Lord Byron reveals his admiration for a woman by using a symbol, diction, tone, and mood. In order to comprehend Lord Byron’s poem betters, one must understand his background. George Gordon Byron was born on January 22, 1788 toRead MoreAnalysis of Lord Byrons She Walks in Beauty736 Words   |  3 Pagesfounders of the Romantic Movement in literature. Many of Byrons works are reflective of the dualities found in his persona, which can be seen in his poem, She Walks In Beauty. She Walks In Beauty reflects Byrons persona through the use of duality, imagery, and the poems content. Byron (1814) was inspired to write She Walks In Beauty after meeting his cousin by marriage, Mrs. Robert John Wilmot, who was wearing a black mourning gown decorated with spangles when they first met (The NortonRead More Analysis of She Walks in Beauty by Lord Byron Essay1801 Words   |  8 PagesAnalysis of She Walks in Beauty by Lord Byron She Walks in Beauty is a poem in which the author speaks of the physical beauty of a woman; a female who the author encountered. This encounter lead him to visualize a great distinct physical image of her so he began to speak of this phenomenal attractiveness. A special quality in her was being able to be identified with the heaven. Beautiful like the stars and clearly visible as a cloudless night. The poem ?She Walks in Beauty? came by asRead MoreLord Byron And William Shakespeare966 Words   |  4 Pagesexpress themselves through the act of writing with the usage of a few words. However, it is sometimes difficult for a reader to comprehend what the poem is trying to imply, but that is the beauty behind poetry which as a reader, one might have a different interpretations from another. In an analysis of â€Å"She walks in beauty† by Lord Byron and â€Å"Sonnet 130† by William Shakespeare, they both have a unique distinction on how the words are used to project affections to their respective lover. The linguistic styleRead MoreShe Walks in Beauty1157 Words   |  5 Pagesbecame captivated by his cousin’s alluring beauty; her fair face contrasting with her dark hair and dress. Inspired by the opposing shades that created such an attractive woman, he wrote a poem about her in 1814 (Gamber). In Lord Byron’s â€Å"She Walks in Beauty,† motifs, pe rsonification and imagery express the theme that the combining of light and dark reflect a perfect inner and outer beauty. Lord Byron connects two pairs of motifs in â€Å"She Walks in Beauty† to establish the theme. One motif is darkRead MoreMaya Angelo - Phenomenal Woman766 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ â€Å"Phenomenal Women† By Maya Angelo – Analysis In the poem â€Å"Phenomenal Woman† by Maya Angelo expresses many viewpoints on the topic of women. She describes the many attributes of women throughout the poem. Many think that a slim and trim body or pretty faces are the many features of a true woman. But Angelo explains the small insignificant features of a woman that people or society never mention. She believes and convinces the reader that these are the marks of a woman. The poems central ideaRead More Analysis of The Beauty Myth by Naomi Wolf Essay590 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of The Beauty Myth by Naomi Wolf The Beauty Myth, published by Doubleday in New York City, hit the shelves in 1992. Naomi Wolf wrote this 348-page book. Wolf attended Yale University and New College, Oxford University, where she was a Rhodes Scholar. Her essays have been printed in many well-known magazines and newspapers, including Esquire and the New York Times. The Beauty Myth was Wolf’s first book. She has also written two other books, Fire With Fire and PromiscuitiesRead MorePhenomenal Woman Essays1223 Words   |  5 Pagesbecome ‘phenomenal.’ She believes that it is not the outer beauty of a person but the inner one which makes each woman phenomenal. She criticizes the biased societal expression that expects women to starve themselves in order to be considered ‘pretty.’ Stanza 1: â€Å"Phenomenal Woman† begins with a stark comment saying that she is neither cute nor has a great figure to suit a model’s size. She tells that ‘pretty women’ often wonders where the secret of her success lies. Moreover when she reveals her so-calledRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 130887 Words   |  4 Pages love, beauty, and mortality. Out of all the Sonnets, Sonnet 130 is the most significant because Shakespeare mocks the concept of traditional Sonnets. The traditional sonnet were usually love poems or Sonnets that person would show how much they praise someone or thing by exaggerating their beauty through imagery and comparisons. In Sonnet 130, Shakespeare does the complete opposite compared to his peers and compares his mistresses beauty in an unflattering way. He compares her beauty to the

Drug Use And Abuse Of Marijuana - 1299 Words

There are several people in our society that have undergone a difficult time in their period which has resulted in the use of illegal substances. In today’s society there are people who would say that the use of marijuana is a result of bad parenting, while others claim that it is due to their surroundings. Regardless of one’s point of view, the use of marijuana has been going on for some time now and is not only a problem in our generation but back during the 1900’s to 1950’s as well. During the 1900’s there were a lot of things going on and some people were doing what was in, Marijuana. According to our text book, Drug Use and Abuse, Marijuana was often used by Mexican laborers in the Southwest and jazz groups for recreational use (Weisheit, 1990). During this generation people were pretty laid back when it came to marijuana use. Marijuana has been around for quite some time now and has slowly begun to increase in usage. According to our text book , Drug Use and Abuse, Marijuana was originally cultivated for their fiber and not their drug content (Peterson, 1980). Originally the use of marijuana was seen as no threat and was often shrugged off because of this. But this would soon come to a change and efforts to bring forth a change would be made. Although marijuana usage was used for recreational purposes it does not mean that it didn’t have some kind of effect on the individuals smoking marijuana. The first thing that must be looked at when discussing the usage ofShow MoreRelatedDrug Abuse : Act Of Marijuana Use2019 Words   |  9 Pages Drug Abuse Implications in Reference to Marijuana use Drug abuse is too much consumption of drugs which results in problematic consequences as a result of the excessive consumption. The issue of drug abuse has presented major controversies as to whether or not is detrimental to health and should not be used or whether people have the absolute right to do whatever they may please with their lives so long as nobody else is being affected. The abuse of drugs has not only disastrous consequencesRead MoreThe Cons Of Marijuana And Marijuana1449 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough it is a highly common defense that marijuana is not addictive, it in fact is. Many regular smokers find themselves ridden with very similar withdrawal symptoms of a tobacco addict (Marijuana Addiction Symptoms and Effects). Around 9% of people who use find themselves dependent on marijuana (Is Marijuana Addictive?). That may not seem like much, but that is almost 1 in every 10 people hooked on a drug that is supposedly â€Å"non-addictive.† Legalizing a drug that causes disorientation, paranoia, depressionRead MoreEssay Recreational Marijuana Should NOT Be Legal1698 Words   |  7 Pagesthat regarded marijuana in America required farmers to grow hemp in the year 1619 for clothing, rope, and other materials, but â€Å"as early as 1840, doctors recognized the medical applications of marijuana, and the drug was freely sold in pharmacies for over a century.† (Rich and Stingl). In 1937, the use and possession of marijuana was made illegal, but â€Å"before 1937 marijuana was freely bought, sold, grown, and used.†(Rich and Stingl). In 1970 the congress decided to classify marijuana as a scheduleRead MoreThe Negatives Effects of Marijuana on Teenager880 Words   |  4 PagesThe Negatives Effects of Marijuana on Teenager What is Marijuana? The marijuana affects the brain development on teenager. Also affect the function at school, work, and social life of the teenagers. The marijuana increases the risk of mental health issues. The sadistic show that the used of marijuana increase every years. Marijuana affects the teenager and also their families. According to National Institute of Drug Abuse, Marijuana is a greenish-gray mixture of the dried, shredded leaves, stemsRead MoreThe Legalization Of Medical Marijuana1314 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana is the most frequently abused illegal substance worldwide. Not only is there no legitimate medical use, it has been tied to physical, mental, and emotional damages. â€Å"Marijuana refers to the dried leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds from the hemp plant Cannabis sativa, which contains the psychoactive (mind-altering) chemical delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), as well as other related compounds† (National Institute on Drug Abuse). There are many supporters of the legalization of medical marijuanaRead MoreDrug Addiction Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesaddicted to drugs is a habit that most people are not lenient with. Even though a lot of people throughout the world have the habit of taking many different types of drugs some people look at drugs as if they are unharmful or a mere leisure activity. However, the remainder consider drugs a threat to society. For example, we can walk into a bar and we see some guy consuming alcohol and is drunk out of his mind and we think, well it is just alcohol, it isnt too bad, at least he isnt taking drugs. At theRead MoreMarijuana is a Social Problem Essay example976 Words   |  4 PagesMarijuana is a Social Problem Marijuana is the second most popular drug after alcohol in the country today. So many people smoke marijuana that the numbers alone seem to legitimize and condone its presence in peoples lives. Yet, even in moderation marijuana is not safe. Somehow this information had not filtered down to people who think they are smoking a fairly innocuous drug. Our society perpetuates the myths about pot being a fun, harmless, recreational drug. These myths feed into peoplesRead MoreEssay on Alcohol vs Marijuana1537 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol vs Marijuana There is no culture in the history of mankind that did not ever use some kind (kinds) of drugs. Despite the well-known consequences of drug addiction, millions of people constantly consume different legal and illegal drugs. Affecting peoples mind and changing their behavior, drugs become one of the most threatening factors of social risk, resulting in increasing rates of mortality, aggressive and criminal behavior, and dissolution of social ties. This paper is devoted toRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal Essay1156 Words   |  5 Pagescannabis plant is most commonly referred to as marijuana. The United States views marijuana as an illegal substance within its borders. This law seems simple, but a huge curveball has been thrown the government’s way: medical marijuana. Numerous clinical trials and studies are beginning to show a more benevolent side to the â€Å"drug† previously thought to produce nothing more than invalids. The federal government should legalize the use of medical marijuana because it does not inflict the harm criticsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Used For Medical Purposes?1659 Words   |  7 Pages2014 Marijuana Marijuana, a Schedule I, classified drug is one of America’s most controversial drugs. Many people are against marijuana because it legally considered a drug and many people support marijuana because of its reported use for preventing and treating diseases. Personally, I believe that marijuana should be used for medical purposes. My opinion, however, comes primarily from what I have observed through brief news reports and what I have been told from people who has used the drug before

Gilbert Grape Essay Example For Students

Gilbert Grape Essay In Lasse Hallstrom’s, What’s Eating Gilbert Grape, a young man’s destiny appears to only evolve around keeping a watchful eye on his family in particular, his brother embarrassingly obese mother. Gilbert’s younger brother, Arnie, is mentally-impaired unintentionally holds Gilbert back from experiencing life. When a stranger who is just â€Å"passing through† comes into Gilbert’s miserably routine life, his world is upturned with Gilbert experiencing more than he could ask for. The director of this film, Lasse Hallstrom, uses many techniques to emphasis the change Gilbert experiences. For example, the colours in earlier scenes of the movie are dark bold during house hold scenes. The lack of colour describes the lack of happiness dullness in Gilbert’s life. During later scenes, Becky Gilbert are seen watching the sunset. Soft colours appear such as: Soft blues, greens, browns, pinks oranges for the sunset. The introduction of bright colours symbolises a new beginning for a brighter life. Secondly, the music plays another major technique in this film. At the beginning of the movie when scenes are at Gilbert’s house, the only noises are house hold sounds E. g. Television, Dishes clanging, Arnie yelling etc. This shows the dullness Gilbert experiences through his life. After meeting Becky, music slowly becomes uplifting throughout romantic fun scenes. The music underpins the change in Gilbert’s life when Becky becomes involved. Another technique presented in the film are the camera shots. Throughout the beginning of the movie, Gilbert Becky are separated in every head shot, showing they are not together. E. g. : In the car with Arnie sitting in the middle when they take her delivery home. This is symbolic of Arnie being a significant barrier to Gilbert’s life. Later on in the movie, Gilbert Becky are seen in a camera shot sitting watching the sunset. Becky removes the â€Å"Arnie Barrier† by establishing a relationship with him, so Gilbert can change experience life with no one holding him back. What’s Eating Gilbert Grape definitely grabbed my attention taught me a lot about life the obstacles some have to go through. Lasse Hallstrom used many techniques to show that Gilbert changed significantly due to the impact Becky had on his life. The movie proved that any individual creates the outcome of their life, even if it is leading to â€Å"The End of the Line†.

JP Morgan Chase Case Study free essay sample

JP Morgan Chase Co. was created when two fast growing firms merged on the first day of 2001. JPMC became the third largest bank in the United States. JPMorgan’s assets continually increased from $667 billion in 1999 to $2. 2 trillion in 2008, meaning a compound annual growth rate of 16% (U. S Government Printing Office, 2011). At the rate, JPMC has become the largest bank in the United States with $2. 4 trillion in assets (Irwin, 2013). However, JPMC is not only prevalent in the U. S. Employing approximately 255,000 people worldwide (Irwin, 2013), JPMC is an important global player in the financial sector. JPMC’s headquarters are located in America’s financial business hub, New York City, but JPMC has significant global presence in over 60 countries in the Americas, Europe, Asia and Africa. Diversity at JP Morgan Chase is taken seriously, and has been noted to have some of the most effective diversification recruiting of all the Fortune 500 firms. JPMC has created a positive identity for itself amongst banking circles, known for being selective and competitive but understanding that talented candidates come in many forms (Yemen Davidson, 2009). We will write a custom essay sample on JP Morgan Chase Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For customers and clients, JPMC strives to treat each customer as an individual and build relationships with clients. Amongst employees (current and prospective), JPMC treats them with respect and fairness with outlined procedures and managerial support, while keeping a sense of healthy competition. JPMC’s CEO Jamie Dimon, a Tufts undergraduate, Harvard MBA with a lot of previous executive-level experience, was appointed on December 31, 2005 (Yemen Davidson, 2009) after having previously been president and COO. The operating committee underneath Dimon consists of thirteen executives that must report to the CEO (Ibid). Dimon is a hard-worker and strong believer in diversity. He desires change that would lead to JPMC being more interconnected to all the top talent in the market, not just of a certain group. JPMC and The Credit Crisis While there were many causes to the 2008 financial crisis, the packaging of bad mortgages into mortgage-backed securities was believed to be the â€Å"patient zero† (Irwin, 2013). Unfortunately, JPMC had been involved in this fraudulent behavior that led to the biggest recession since the 20s. During the recession, JPMC purchased two collapsing firms. In March 2008, JPMC agreed to finance a deal with the Federal Reserve to purchase Bear Stearns. It later purchased Washington Mutual as well, acquiring thousands of employees as well taking on the two firms outstanding legal exposures (Irwin, 2013). Since JPMC itself and the firms it acquired had been involved in offloading bad mortgages on other parties, such as mortgage backed securities investors and U. S.taxpayers, JPMC has had to deal with many consequences since, and since it often takes a while to see where legal culpability lies and the cases are complicated and time-consuming, JPMC will continue being involved in legal issues relating to the crisis (Irwin, 2013). However, by acquiring Bear Stearns and Washington Mutual, JPMC was responsible for saving almost 40,000 jobs that year (Yemen Davidson, 2009). JPMC in the Media Challenges JPMC Faces JPMC continues to face financial and legal repercussions for underwriting sub-standard mortgage loans and thereby playing a role in the global financial crisis. Last year, JPMC agreed to around $20 billion in settlements as an attempt to clear up legal claims. The deals involved covered claims over mortgage issues, as well as derivatives and power trading (Ingram Henry, 2014). Recently, JPMC agreed to pay $614m to the US government and admitted that it defrauded federal agencies by underwriting sub-standard mortgage loans (Ibid). They have also agreed to pay $1. 45 million to settle four-year-old allegations brought by the US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission that the bank had maintained a sexually hostile environment for women in a mortgage loan center on Ohio (Ibid). JPMC is also still dealing with lawsuits stemming from their relationship with Bernard Madoff, a convicted Ponzi scheme mastermind. The firm has been approved to pay $543 million in order to end two lawsuits relating to Madoff (Ingram Henry, 2014). These are just a few of the many various legal matters JPMC has been dealing with. These legal matters stretch over long periods of time, and win or lose, JPMC can expect these challenges to continue well into the future. As well, within the firm, managers continue in efforts of making diversity part of the continuing dialogue (Yemen Davidson, 2009).

Research Paper on Military Spending

Research Paper on Military Spending Even if they have never seen a weapon, millions of children seriously suffer from wars, as resources that could have been invested in development are diverted in armament. Armament spending has both positive and negative impacts on countries. On the plus side, military spending can be a boon to some businesses, which in turn is a shot in the arm to the nations economy as Ill explain later in the essay. On the other hand, there are malicious effects on economy as well. It is true that a large military spending will contribute to economic growth in a short term. Militarization will bring more job opportunities to citizens directly in both military and military-related fields. Meanwhile, the important part is that there is another high amount of secondary jobs has been given. For instance, a new military uniform factory opened. It not only creates jobs for the people in the factory, but also creates jobs for the people working on the cotton field, even the people doing transportations. Furthermore, it increases the employment rate instantly and significantly. Another positive side of a great military spending is that it will put a fuller use of existing productive capacities, and thus increasing output of goods and services. The most important reason to maintain a high military spending is that it will give a country higher national defense capability. It is obvious that the more money government spends on the army, better weapons will be made. It will protect people better as far as the homeland security is concerted. People will live in a safer condition, and not to worry about their family while they are working. Thus, they will put more efforts in their work because theyÐ ±Ã ¶re satisfied of their primarily safety. Hopefully, this will bring a better production to nationÐ ±Ã ¶s economy. Other than the defense, military also plays an important role on countries emergencies. Because the money that government spends on military is enough to train soldiers, they can protect civilians lives from natural disaster. For example, when a country is facing flood, at the first place, the army could bring enough well-trained soldiers to build a bridge and help people get out the danger. Even though there seems to be many reasons to believe that higher military spending will bring a better life to people in a short term, the long run of high defense spending may impede growth and development. First, high military expenditure tends to decrease an economys capacity to meet peoples basic needs, such as food, housing, and medical services. This is because increased military production leaves less national capital and financial institutions for the civilian sector of the economy. In addition, some government cares less about the life of their citizens than how to make the strongest weapons. Its possible to observe that developing countries, despite their lower incomes, tens to spend a similar and sometime larger share of their gross domestic product (GDP) on armed forces and weaponry than do wealthy developed countries. One of the examples will be North Korea, the government spends 32% of their GDP on armaments, rather than try to stimulate their economy, and give their civilians basic food and clothing. Another main disadvantage of high spending is that it leaves less money in the government budget for them to dealing with social, environmental and other developmental issues. According to a recent report from the United States, their federal government spends approximately USD $1.9 trillion in Fiscal Year 2002. Out of all this spending, Pentagon spending now accounts for over half (50.5percent) of all discretionary spending: USD $343.2 billions. In the same year, the U.S. government only spends USD $45 billions on education and USD $20 billions on social services. This translates to smaller social surety checks, less medical coverage, perhaps a third of countrys population doing without health insurance entirely, fewer scholarships and less aid overall for education, especially higher education for the poor people. With all the money spends on the national defense, the government could build three more sets of highway, many more hospitals and YMCAs. In additional, the government cou ld spend money on environmental projects, help economic development, or even on agriculture. All of these will help people to improve their standard of living. Militarization also hinders an economys efficiency, because a lack of competition. Since large amount of military spending creates lots jobs and productions, it becomes the main sources of income. But the military sector often allows military producers to feel less compelled to cut their production costs since they are paid by the government. Therefore, after a period of time, higher average production costs will depress the economy significantly. Meanwhile, it will hurt peoples life due to the high price and low quality. As for the additional employment allegedly provided by the military sector, this is only a short-term effect: military production tends to use proportionately more capital equipment and less labor than civilian industries and so creates fewer jobs than could be created from a similar investment in civilian production, particularly services. From a recent research, people find that USD $1 billion spend by the Pentagon on weapons, supplies and services generates 25,000 jobs. However, the same USD $1 billion would create 30,000 mass transit jobs, 36,000 housing jobs, 41,000 education jobs, and 47,000 health care jobs. (Pentagon Spending) Another important factor is that there is no end line for the military spending. It would be contradictory to continue building the military arsenal while at the same time paying the high cost of destroying the old weapons. For instance, to destroy chemical weapons costs about 10 times more than it does to produce them. In the fiscal year 2002, the U.S. government spends USD $343 billions on the department of defense. Meanwhile, there is a hidden number. In the same year, the government spends USD $200 billions more on military-related fields, such as foreign military aid, military retirement pay, and veterans benefits. Its obvious that the economy will be unbalanced after a short period of time, since most money is given to people with high ranks rather the people who imperatively need them. While putting billions dollars in the army, the mean usage of this money is not necessary for defense, but for offense- developing new weapons. Even just developing, testing, and assembling thing like unclear and biochemical weapons is dangerous, generating huge numbers of fatalities, cancers and injuries- even if the weapons are never once used in anger. As people concerted about their lives, there wont be any positive effects on the economy, because people tend to escape rather than produce. It is clear that reducing military spending will affect civilians life more in those exporting countries such as the United States, England, and France since countries selling their old weapons make them great revenues.

International Financial Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Financial Management - Assignment Example S. dollar. If the same mobile phone cost 1000 dollars in U.S., American consumers would buy it from India. When large volumes of such mobile phones were purchased from India by American customers, the price of rupee will go up until one dollar equals 25 Indian rupees. Purchasing power parity (PPP) theory can be divided into two different categories; absolute PPP and relative PPP. Absolute PPP is based on the belief that without international barriers, consumers will shift their demand to wherever prices are lower whereas relative PPP is based on the notion that market imperfections (tariffs, transportation costs, etc), prices of the same products need not be same in different countries when measured in a common currency Madura, 2009, p. 214-215) In economics inflation refers to the rise of prices of all the goods except the money. The values of the currencies of countries with higher inflation would be less compared to the values of countries with lower inflation as the purchasing power of the consumers will be lessened by the increase in prices in countries with higher inflation. The rationale behind PPP theory is that when inflation occurs at a higher level in a particular country, foreign demand for goods from that country would be decreased whereas demand for foreign goods from that country should increase and subsequently, the home currency of that country will weaken. The currency depreciation will continue till the foreign country’s goods are no more attractive than the domestic goods (Relationships Among Inflation, Interest Rates, and Exchange Rates, n. d, p.107) In order to check whether PPP exists, it is better to choose two countries and compare the differences in inflation and the exchange rate change different periods. If the exchange rate changes are in accordance with the PPP theory, then we can safely conclude that PPP exists. The major limitation in testing PPP is that based on the periods chosen, results can vary. The periods

Business project Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business project - Coursework Example As competitors move to produce more efficient vehicles, by producing electric cars Toyota will be tapping into the profitable unexploited market. By diversifying the range of products it offers by introducing electric cars, will further increase its market base since it will be appealing to the different tastes and preferences of various consumers. Over the years, Toyota has penetrated the automobile market in various parts of the world. Its presence in different regions and countries provides it with an added advantage in the event it launches a new product. By manufacturing quality, dependable and reliable products, it has created faith among the users of these products. The reputation it has created of production of quality products is likely to spur the sales of the electric cars since it has an already established global presence. Toyota is an established brand and by producing electric cars, it shall be remaining relevant, flexible and dynamic so that it’s able to cope with the changing business demands and environment. There are two types of business environmental factors that are likely to affect the business. They may either be micro; internal factors or macro, those outside the business. One of the internal factors has been product quality features and safety. Between November 2009 and April 2010, the company recalled over 8 million different car and truck models that had been manufactured by Toyota company in U.S.A. the models were discovered as to having a defective brake and acceleration system. For this, it received a USD $16.37 million fine by the U.S government (Toyota Website). A major strength of the company is the ability to offer quality innovative products that suit the tastes of various consumers. This is reflected in the winning of the award of being the number one car manufacturer in the year 2007, a title it also retained in 2008 (Toyota

The Two Men in Luther Essay Example for Free

The Two Men in Luther Essay Martin Luther, a Christian theologian stated in 1520 that, â€Å"A Christian man is the most free lord of all, and subject to none; a Christian man is the most dutiful servant of all, and subject to everyone†. Although at first glance, this statement appears to be a paradox. Through the understanding of Luther’s beliefs between the difference of spirituality and physicality, one can realize that this statement is not contradictory. The Catholic church believs that one needs spiritual purity, as well as the performance of Christian acts to achieve salvation. Martin Luther believed that preforming Christain deeds was godlike, but not a component of reaching salvation. In the sixteenth century, the Catholic Church believed that to achieve salvation, one must be spiritually pure, and preform a sufficient amount of good Christian acts. The concept exists to allow christains more time to preform these acts to ensure salvation. Martin Luther disagreed with the catholic church in that to reach all one has to do to reach salvation is to be spiritually pure by accepting the word of god. He felt that the Catholic Church took advantage of its followers by saying that giving money was a Christian act and that one could buy their way to heaven. Luther’s doctrines formulated a new breed a christains that believed in spirituality as the key to achieving salvation. This spiritual side of a christain was referred to as the inward man. The inward man could achieve salvation by accepting the word of god.

Aristotelian Perspectives on Social Ethics Essay -- Philosophy Medicin

Aristotelian Perspectives on Social Ethics I examine the philosophical perspectives of Aristotle on issues of medical ethics and on his social ethics in general, including the moral issues of abortion, euthanasia, and other issues of social ethics such as the issue of cloning. I have chosen the domain of applied ethics as viewed from the Aristotelian point of view precisely because certain issues have been virtually unexamined by scholars. I shall direct attention to certain treatises of the Aristotelian corpus such as On the History of Animals, On the Generation of Animals, On the Soul, The Nicomachean Ethics and The Politics. My main objective is to provide a more systematic account of the Aristotelian perspectives on the above controversial issues and to establish the Stagirite’s main approach to social ethics. For this reason, issues like the notion of personhood, his attitude towards death, and his theory of the will and ethical conduct of a moral citizen-agent will be examined. Throughout this investigation, the close interrelation between philosophy and medicine, both in antiquity and in modern times, will also become more apparent. I. Abortion Concerning the issue of abortion Aristotle's views are not considered as very clear or consistent throughout. We shall examine the relevant passages from both the biological and psychological treatises in connection with other of his contemporary — or not — medical findings. In our attempt to establish his main approach, we shall also unfold his views on the more modern notions of personhood as they are examined in his ethical and political works. According to the Hippocratic oath, abortion is forbidden as morally unjustifiable. A physician is not to help a woman abort he... ...Fye, Bruce W (1978): "Active Euthanasia: An Historical survey of its conceptual origins and introduction to medical thought", Bulletin of the History of Medicine 52, 492-502. Gracia, Diego (1978): "The structure of medical knowledge in Aristotle's philosophy", Sudhoff Archiv 62 (No.1), 1-36. Hartman, Edwin (1977): Aristotelian Investigation: Substance, Body and Soul, U.S.A.:Princeton University Press. Jaeger, Werner (1957): "Aristotle's use of medicine as a model of Method in his Ethics", Journal of the History of Science 77, 54-61. Kudlien, Fridolf (1970): "Medical Ethics and Popular Ethics in Greece and Rome", Clio Medica 5, 91-121. Veach, Robert M (1978): "Codes of Medical Ethics: Ethical Analysis", Encyclopaedia of Bioethics 4, 172-9. Westermack, Edward A (1906-8): The origins and development of the Moral Ideas, 2 vols., London: MacMillan & Co.

Expository/Persuasive Writing: Romeo & Juliet Essay

Is Romeo & Juliet still relevant to a modern audience? Romeo and Juliet’s story is still relevant today, as people in society and religion have similar experiences with what they went through. For example: -Gang warfare (Capulet vs Montague) -Strength of love (Romeo & Juliet) -Strength of friendship (Romeo & Mercutio). Don’t you agree? Romeo and Juliet is a play that shows how prejudice leads to escalating violence, In Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare teaches that families can divide a relationship. It took both families the deaths of their own children to realize the family feud had to be ended immediately. The two key factors of this message: Love is blind Vengeance never ends well. ‘Romeo and Juliet were silly kids who asked for trouble and got it’ is this fair to say? Was this Love or Stupidity? It was love alright. Love at its purest and most intense. I think that’s why Shakespeare chose such young people to be the lovers. And yes, they’re stupid. Young love often is. Unfortunately for Romeo and Juliet, they die before they get wiser, or more disillusioned. What lessons can we learn from Romeo and Juliet? We can learn that Romantic love can be beautiful and ennobling, Passion Can Overtake Reason and Common Sense, Immaturity and inexperience can lead to tragic endings, Judge People by their character and personal qualities, not by their name or social standing and Innocent children sometimes pay for the sins of their parents.

1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City

In 1968, Mexico City became the first Latin American city to host the Olympic games, having beaten out Detroit and Lyon for the honor. The XIX Olympiad was a memorable one, with several long-standing records set and the strong presence of international politics. The games were marred by a horrible massacre in Mexico City just days before they were due to kick off. The games lasted from October 12 to October 27. Background Being selected to host the Olympics was a really big deal for Mexico. The nation had come a long way since the 1920s when it still lay in ruins from the long, ruinous Mexican Revolution. Mexico had since rebuilt and was turning into an important economic powerhouse, as oil and manufacturing industries boomed. It was a nation that had not been on the world stage since the rule of dictator Porfirio Dà ­az (1876-1911) and it was desperate for some international respect, a fact which would have disastrous consequences. The Tlatelolco Massacre For months, tensions had been building in Mexico City. Students had been protesting the repressive administration of President Gustavo Dà ­az Ordaz, and they hoped the Olympics would bring attention to their cause. The government responded by sending troops to occupy the university and instituted a crackdown. When a large protest was held on October 2 in Tlatelolco in the Three Cultures Square, the government responded by sending troops. The result was the Tlatelolco Massacre, in which an estimated 200-300 civilians were slaughtered. The  Olympic Games After such an inauspicious beginning, the games themselves went relatively smoothly. Hurdler Norma Enriqueta Basilio, one of the stars of the Mexican team, became the first woman to light the Olympic torch. This was a sign from Mexico that it was trying to leave aspects of its ugly past – in this case, machismo – behind it. In all 5,516 athletes from 122 nations competed in 172 events. The Black Power Salute American politics entered the Olympics after the 200m race. African-Americans Tommie Smith and John Carlos, who had won gold and bronze respectively, gave the fist-in-the-air black power salute as they stood on the winners’ podium. The gesture was intended to draw attention to the civil rights struggle in the United States: they also wore black socks, and Smith wore a black scarf. The third person on the podium was Australian silver medalist Peter Norman, who supported their action. VÄ›ra ÄÅ'à ¡slavskà ¡ The most compelling human interest story at the Olympics was Czechoslovakian gymnast VÄ›ra ÄÅ'à ¡slavskà ¡. She strongly disagreed with the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968, less than one month before the Olympics. As a high-profile dissident, she had to spend two weeks in hiding before finally being allowed to attend. She tied for gold in floor and won silver in beam on controversial decisions by the judges. Most spectators felt she should have won. In both cases, Soviet gymnasts were the beneficiaries of the dubious scores: ÄÅ'à ¡slavskà ¡ protested by looking down and away when the Soviet anthem was played. Bad Altitude Many felt that Mexico City, at 2240 meters (7,300 feet) of altitude was an inappropriate venue for the Olympics. The altitude did affect many events: the thin air was good for sprinters and jumpers, but bad for long-distance runners. Some feel that certain records, such as Bob Beamon’s famous long jump, should have an asterisk or disclaimer because they were set at such a high altitude. Results of the Olympics The United States won the most medals, 107 to the Soviet Union’s 91. Hungary came in third, with 32. Host Mexico won three each of gold, silver and bronze medals, with the golds coming in boxing and swimming. It is a testament to home-field advantage in the games: Mexico won only one medal in Tokyo in 1964 and one in Munich in 1972. More Highlights of the 1968 Olympic Games Bob Beamon of the United States set a new world record with a long jump of 29 feet, 2 and one-half inches (8.90M). He shattered the old record by almost 22 inches. Before his jump, no one had ever jumped 28 feet, let alone 29. Beamon’s world record stood until 1991; it is still the Olympic record. After the distance was announced, an emotional Beamon collapsed to his knees: his teammates and competitors had to help him to his feet. American high jumper Dick Fosbury pioneered a funny-looking new technique in which he went over the bar head first and backward. People laughed...until Fosbury won the gold medal, setting an Olympic record in the process. The â€Å"Fosbury Flop† has since become the preferred technique in the event. American discus thrower Al Oerter won his fourth consecutive Olympic gold medal, becoming the first ever to do so in an individual event. Carl Lewis matched the feat with four golds in the long jump from 1984 to 1996.